•   List all the material that contributed information and ideas to your text. If you borrow Anything that is not common knowledge you must identify your sources. When in doubt, document, i.e., list your sources.

•   Unless otherwise directed, mix all sources together in one alphabetized “Works Cited” list. Alphabetize by author’s last name. These examples are arranged differently only for easy reference.

•   For more information see Section 4, “Preparing the List of Works Cited,” in the MLA Handbook (4th ed.).

 

BOOKS

One Author

Baker, Sheridan. The Practical Stylist, 7th ed. New York: Harper, 1990.

 

Two or Three Authors

Kind, Stuart and Michael Overman. Science Against Crime. Garden City: Double­day, 1972.

 

Four or More Authors

Pelican, Jaroslav, et al. Religion and the University. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1964.

 

√   Titles of books, encyclopedias, mags, videos, newspapers, software & CDs:

      Underline when hand or type written.

      Italicize on the computer.

√   Titles of parts of the above:
chapters, articles, poems, songs & short stories:

      Enclose in “quotation marks.”
Periods & commas are always placed inside the closing quotation marks.

 

Editor as Author
     

Wenner, Jann S., ed. 20 Years of the Rolling Stone: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been. New York: Straight Arrow, 1987.

 

A Single work from an Anthology

Levine, Carol, ed. “Postscript: Should Animal Experimentation be Permitted?” Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Bioethical Issues, 5th ed. Guilford: Dushkin, 1993.

 

Loeb, Jerod, et. al. “Human vs. Animal Rights: In Defense of Animal Research.” Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Bioethical Issues, 5th ed. Ed. Carol Levine. Guilford: Dushkin, 1993.

 

Conable, Barbara B. “The Flat Tax Will Not Work.” Economics in America: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. David L. Bender and Bruno Leone. St. Paul: Greenhaven, 1986.

 

ENCYCLOPEDIAS

Signed Articles (w/ an author)

Spaeth, Sigmund. “Electronic music.” Merit Students Encyclopedia. 1980 ed.

 

McLellan, David S. “Cold War.” The New Grolier Multi-Media Encyclopedia. Windows version. Release 6. CD-ROM. 1993.

 

Unsigned Articles (w/o an author)

“Electron gun.” Collier’s Encyclopedia. 1987 ed.

 

MAGAZINES & JOURNALS

Quinn, Jane Bryant. “A Course in College Cheating.” Newsweek 14 Oct. 1985: 70–72.

 

NEWSPAPERS

Harting, Don. “Schools Banning Hats.” The Post–Standard [Syracuse] 27 Sept. 1990, Madison ed.: A–12.

• Include the name of the city in brackets only if the paper’s name DOES NOT include this information.

 

Lewis, Peter H. “Attention Shoppers: Internet is Open.” New York Times 12 Aug. 1994, natl. ed.: D1-2.

 

Culturgram 2000

“Islamic State of Afghanistan.” Orem, UT: Brigham Young University and eMSTAR, Inc., 1999.

 

Interview, letter

Naughton, Lambert. Personal interview. Naughton and Jones Photography Studio, Syracuse, 13 May 1989.

 

Jones, Frank. Telephone interview. 7 April 1993.

 

Cerio, Don. Letter to [recipient’s name]. 5 March 1996.

 

TV & radio

“Norman Rockwell’s Legacy.” Narr. Diane Sawyer. Prod. Bob Jones. Dir. John Brett. Sixty Minutes. CBS–WTVH, Syracuse. 5 Oct. 1992.

 

Software For information stored on a local server

“Accountant.” Discover. Computer Software. Hunt Valley: American College Testing, 1996. Macintosh configuration.

 

AUDIO CASSETTE/ VIDEO Cassette, diskette & CD

WHEN THERE IS NOT A PRINT VERSION

United States. Dept. of State. “Industrial Outlook for Petroleum and Natural Gas.” 1992. National Trade Data Bank. CD-ROM. US Dept. of Commerce. Dec. 1993.

 

Purdom, C. B. Shakespeare and the Fundamental Law of Drama. Audio CD [or “Audio cassette” if that is the recording medium]. Jeffrey Norton, 23106, 1965.

 

A Passage to India. Dir. David Lean. Video cassette [or “Laser Disk” if that is the recording medium]. Columbia, VHS #60485, 1984.

 

A note on computer citations

 

These guidelines are based on the latest on-line info. (6/8/99). The printed style references can’t keep up with technology. Always check the revision dates.

 

CD-ROM WHEN THERE IS ALSO A PRINT VERSION

Flynn, James. “Deranged Performer Terrifies Guests in Local Hotel.” Daily Thunderbolt [San Francisco, CA] 30 Nov 1994. Newsbank Newsfile. CD-ROM. Newbank Inc., 1996.

 

On-Line WHEN THERE IS ALSO A PRINT VERSION

Russo, Michelle Cash. “Recovering from Bibliographic Instruction Blahs.” RQ: Reference Quarterly 32 (1992): 178–83. Online Big Chalk Library. 11 Nov 1997 <http://library.bigchalk.com/remote >.

Lanken, Dane. “When the Earth Moves.” Canadian Geographic March-April 1996: 66–73. Online  EbscoHost Ultra 15 June 1997 <http://search.epnet.com/login.asp >.

 

On-line w/ a computer service

Glicken, Morley D. “A Five-Step Plan to Renew Your Creativity.” Good Morning America 12 June 1994. America Online. 10 Nov. 1997 <http://www.aol.com>.

 

On-line w/ www browser and  a search

Walker, Janice. MLA-Style Citations of Electronic Sources. 24 Aug. 1998
 <http://www.cas.usf. edu/english/walker/mla.html>.

 

E-Mail, Public online posting

Danford, Tom. “Re: Effect of Semestering on Middle School Math.” E-Mail to [recipient’s name]. 24 Feb. 1995.

 

Shaumann, Thomas Michael. “Re: Technical German.” 5 Aug. 1994. Online posting. 7 Sept. 1998 <cybermind@ comp.edu.language.natural>.

 

Sources & Acknowledgments:

Aaron, Jane E. The Little, Brown Essential Handbook for Writers, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley Longman, 1997.

Gibaldi, Joseph. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 4th ed. New York: MLA, 1995. Modern Language Association. “Documenting Sources from the World Wide Web.” MLA ON The Web. 18 May 1999 <http://www.mla.org>. Prepared for MECS by Mrs. Erin Dinneen and Mrs. Beth Geatrakas, Library Media Specialists with Mr. Jay Dunn, Se­nior English Teacher. Revised 6/8/99; 5/12/00