INTERACTIVE WORD OF THE DAY LIST

SOUTH ASIA

(Billingsley)

GEOGRAPHY AND ANCIENT LIFE, IMPERIALISM AND THE COLONIAL AGE, MODERN ERA

SUBCONTINENT- A large area of land that is not large enough to be considered a continent on its own. The SUBCONTINENT of SOUTH Asia consist of INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL, BANGLADESH, BHUTAN, & SRI LANKA.

MONSOONS – Seasonal winds that bring rain in summer and cold dry winds in winter.

(Faizan Ahmad) (Dewey)

GANGES RIVER – The Ganges Rives is the largest river in India. Hindus believe it to be sacred and bathe daily in it to wash away sin. Furthermore, Hindu funerary practice includes washing the body of the deceased in the Ganges, cremating the body along the banks and then returning the ashes to the Ganges.

(Ebling-Asclepius)

HIMALAYAS- The Himalaya range of mountains in Northern India have served as a barrier to cultural diffusion, trade, and invasions. This range includes the tallest mountain in the world, EVEREST.

(Bere Regis School)

KHYBER PASS- The Khyber Pass is the only route into the Indian Subcontinent from the north which has been the invasion route of conquerors throughout South Asia’s history.

(Encarta) ( Pelton )

INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION LINK 1; LINK 2

MUGHALS- The Mughals, descendents of the Mongols, invaded India and established control circa 1550. Under the Mughals, art and learning flourished. The Taj Mahal was built during this time.

Taj Mahal

IMPERIALISM- Imperialism is when one country dominates another politically, economically, and socially.

CHANGES UNDER BRITISH RULE

During the two centuries of British rule, many aspects of Indian life were changed.

GOVERNMENT. The British provided a single system of law and government (parliamentary democracy, see comparing governments chart below) for all of India. This unified India and provided jobs for Indians in the British army and civil service.

ECONOMIC. The British developed modem transportation and communication systems. They built canals, roads, bridges, ports, railroads, and set up telegraph wires. However, India's cottage industries (products made by people in their homes) were destroyed by cornpetition with British manufactured goods.

HEALTH. Newly created health measures helped reduce deadly diseases. The British built hospitals, introduced new medicines, and provided famine relief. Unfortunately, health care improvements led to a population explosion without an increase in economic opportunities.

EDUCATION. The British increased educational opportunities and introduced English as a single language unifying all educated Indians.

SOCIAL. Native Indians were treated as inferior to the British residents. Indian culture was treated as inferior to European culture. Indian workers provided the British with inexpensive labor, for long hours, under terrible working conditions.

(Killoran et al)

SEPOY REBELLION – The Sepoy Rebellion was a rebellion by Indian soldiers fighting for the British (Sepoys) in 1857, in which Sepoys were upset over being sent to far away regions, among other reasons. After the British suppressed the rebellion, India became a colony of England.

CASH CROP – Cash crops are agricultural products grown for profit, not for food.

Tobacco

(Freienmuth)

MAHANDAS GANDHI - Mohandas Gandhi, realizing that India was too weak militarily to achieve independence from England by force, sought to resist the British by using a peaceful approach (Killoran et al).

(Still and Millhouser)

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE – Civil Disobedience is the refusal to follow an unjust law to the point of outright violation of the unjust law. Gandhi led India to independence using this method and was a modern day example for future leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

SATYAGRAHA – Satyagraha was Gandhi’s foundation in non-violent protest. Literally it means truth force, soul force or force of righteousness.

AMRITSAR MASSACRE – The Amritsar Massacre occurred in 1919. British soldiers fired upon a group of nonviolent, Indian protestors killing men, women and children in the crowd. Amritsar marked a turning point in the Indian independence movement.

(Terhune)

GREAT SALT MARCH – The Great Salt March occurred in 1930 and was led by Gandhi. The British taxed salt, a necessity in India, and Gandhi protested this tax by walking two hundred forty miles across India to the sea.

(Spakbacken)

NEHRU – Nehru was India’s first Prime Minister and also assisted Gandhi in the quest for independence

(Satyam info.)

PARTITION OF INDIA & PAKISTAN – Because of religious conflict, Muslim Vs Hindu, Pakistan and East Pakistan broke away from India at Indian Independence to form two separate countries 1947. Later, 1971, East Pakistan broke away from Pakistan to form Bangladesh.

NONALIGNMENT – Nonalignment refers to India’s foreign policy during the Cold War. India did not take either side, but was willing to work with both sides to further improve India.

MIXED ECONOMY - India’s economic system that combined limited capitalism with socialism.

GREEN REVOLUTION – The Green Revolution is the use of science and technology to produce more food on the same amount of land. Diseases, drought resistant crops that are genetically engineered as well as new fertilizers are examples of the Green Revolution.

(Green Revolution)

PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM COMPARISON

(Remy 693)

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WORKS CITED

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Ahmad, Faizan.Monsoon Mania. abcnews.com. 2000. 8/19/02.

http://abcnews.go.com/sections/world/DailyNews/floods000807.html

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http://homepages.tesco.net/~pip.evans/skittles.htm.

Billingsley et al. COuntry Analysis Briefs. 11/22/02. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/images/saarcmap.gif

Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,42255+1+41343,00.html?kw=yellow%20river ).

Dewey. Meterology. 11/18/02. http://snrs.unl.edu/amet351/ogren/monsoons.html

Dictionary.com

http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=emperor

Ebling-Asclepius, Susan. Ganges River. The Water Temple. 8/20/02.

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/8843/gangesriver.html

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http://www.bhagavad-gita.org/xtra.htm

Freienmuth, Sue. Montgomery County Public Schools, MD. Oct. 25, 2000. 8/20/02.

http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/socialstd/Spray/s25.html

Green Revolution turns sour: WTO sounds death knell for small farmers in Punjab. Budget Matters. ndtv.com. March 26, 2001. 8/22/02.

http://www.ndtv.com/budget/showbudgetmatters.asp?slug=Shadow+of+WTO+loom+large&Id=421

m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary .

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary On-line). http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

Microsoft Map. http://www.unc.edu/courses/hist033/east_asia.htm

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Pelton, Robert Young. Down Kabul Way. Meet the Taliban. 8/20/02.

http://www.jawanan.com/dp_a1a.html

Remy, Richard C. United States Government; Democracy in Action. Westernville Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-

Hill, \2000.

Satyam Info. www.itihaas.com. 11/18/02. http://www.itihaas.com/modern/nehru-chrono.html

Spakbacken, Nyborg. Gandhi today. 11/18/02. http://www.algonet.se/~jviklund/gandhi/ENG.MKG.salt.html.

Still, Jacob and Millhouser, Brendan. Links to Famous Peacemakers Sites. MidLink Magazine The Digital

Magazine by Students, for Students - Ages 8 - 18. 09/94. 8/20/02.

http://www.ncsu.edu/midlink/dreams/peacemakers.html.

Terhune, Lea. CNN.COM. February 20, 1999. 8/20/02.

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