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MIDDLE EAST II MODERN ERA |
NATIONALISM - Nationalism can be defined as the desire of a people to control their own government, free from foreign rule (Killoran et al). Another way to define nationalism is extreme pride in one's country or group.
KEMAL ATATURK- Early 20th century leader of Turkey who modernized and westernized Turkey, creating the first Middle Eastern democracy.
(Watkins, Jeffery)
PALESTINIANS- A group of Arabs residing in Palestine who believe that Palestine is their homeland. Since 1948 and the birth of the Israeli nation the Palestinians have been without a nation.
YASIR ARAFAT- Former leader of The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the largest political group of the Palestinian people. Beginning in the 1960’s the PLO used terrorism to achieve a homeland but recently has been involved in peace negotiations with Israel.
(Watkins)
ARIEL SHARON- Former Prime Minister of Israel
(Union)
NASSER- 1950’s Egyptian Leader that nationalized (nationalize – to nationalize means a government takes over the privately owned resources and businesses of a country. This was referred to as Arab Socialism.) and modernized Egypt. Furthermore, Nasser desired to create one united Arabia in which all Arab nations would work to solve common problems. This idea was referred to as Pan-Arabism.
ARAB/ISRAELI CONFLICT - The Arab/Israeli Conflict began in 1948 when the United Nations and the world recognized the establishment of the nation of Israel in Arab controlled Palestine.
OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC controls a majority of the earth’s oil supplies. A majority of these countries are located in the Middle East.
IRAN/IRAQ WAR (Your book refers to the Iran-Iraq War as "Persian Gulf War I".) - A border dispute that evolved into a bloody 10-year war in the 1980’s. Both sides suffered heavy losses. The United States became involved by protecting oil tankers sailing through the Persian Gulf. (Follow this LINK for more information and a MAP.)
ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM- Religious movement that stresses Islam as a complete way of life. Initiated in Iran by the Ayatollah Khomeini in the late 1970’s this movement has spread to other nations like Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Algeria and Saudi Arabia. (See map below).
(CQ Press)
(PERSIAN GULF WAR (Your book refers to this as the "Persian Gulf War II")- In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait and the United States led an invasion force to free Kuwait. The US feared that Saddam Hussein would attack Saudi Arabia next and dominate the area's oil.
SADDAM HUSSEIN- Former dictator of Iraq.
(Mylroie)
KURDS- Middle Eastern ethnic group that is fighting for a homeland. In 1988 Iraq gassed Kurdish villages killing thousands. Furthermore, the Kurds have been brutally oppressed by the government of Turkey for many years. Many Kurds have used terrorism to achieve their goal of a free Kurdishstan.
(Kurds)
WORKS CITED
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CQ Press. 2007. Congressional Quarterly Inc. March 24, 2000. http://www.cqpress.com/incontext/terrorism/links/cqr_islamic_worldmap.html.
Carlos, Micheal C. Odyssey Online. 11/18/02.
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[1]Encarta® World English Dictionary © & (P) 1999,2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
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http://www.jawanan.com/dp_a1a.html
Terhune, Lea. CNN.COM. February 20, 1999. 8/20/02.
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http://www.ou.org/forum/minister.html
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http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/nationalism/middleeast.cfm