EAST ASIA  II

LONG MARCH -

Red Army Troops on the Long March in the Snowy Mountains

"By autumn of 1934, the Communists had lost 58% of their territory. It was decided that the Red Army must leave the area in order to survive. On October 16th, the move began. No one was sure where they were heading, they were just leaving.

The Long March Begins

86,000 men and woman began the trip that would last over a year until October 19, 1935 in Yan'an in Sha'anxi Province. Some of the prominent Chinese leaders that began the Long March were Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, leading the Third Army Group, Lin Biao, leading the First Army Group, Nie Rongzhen, political commissar of the First Front Army, Liu Bocheng, Ye Jianying, (the preceding from Zhu to Ye would later be declared Marshals in 1955), and Li Xiannian, who would become the President of the People's Republic of China. He Long, (also to be named a Marshal) had been sent ahead leading the Second Army Group and to-be-Marshal Chen Yi was left behind with the wounded and sick"(Noll).

MAO ZEDONG (MAO TSE TUNG)

 - Mao Zedong (1893-1976), foremost Chinese Communist leader of the 20th century and the principal founder of the People's Republic of China. Mao advocated the rapid formation of agricultural communes, arguing that the energy of the people could help China achieve a high tide of Communist development. This ideology exploded in the Great Leap Forward in 1958. Mao called upon all Chinese to engage in zealous physical labor to transform the economy and overtake the West in industrial and agricultural production within a few years. Afraid to disappoint their leaders, peasants falsified grain production numbers. Several poor harvests caused massive famine and the deaths of millions of people throughout China (Encarta Reference).

COMMUNISM - A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (Dictionary.com).

GREAT LEAP FORWARD & 5-YEAR PLAN Mao's economic plan to bring China's industries on "par" with the west (democratic nations). This was to be accomplished by a series of 5-year plans; 5-yr. plans were economic plans used by communist nations.  This idea was a complete failure and millions of Chinese people starved.

KOREAN WAR - The Korean War originated in the division of Korea into South Korea and North Korea after World War II (1939-1945). Efforts to reunify the peninsula after the war failed, and in 1948 the South proclaimed the Republic of Korea and the North established the People's Republic of Korea. In 1949 border fighting broke out between the North and the South. On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces crossed the dividing line and invaded the South. Soon, in defense of the South, the United States joined the fighting under the banner of the United Nations (UN), along with small contingents of British, Canadian, Australian, and Turkish troops. In October 1950 China joined the war on the North's side. By the time a cease-fire agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, millions of soldiers and civilians had perished. The armistice ended the fighting, but Korea has remained divided for decades since and subject to the possibility of a new war at any time (Encarta Reference).

(American Experience)

 CULTURAL REVOLUTION - Cultural Revolution, a period of social unrest and political persecution launched by Mao in 1966. Mao mobilized youth into the Red Guards to attack his political rivals.  Mao established himself as a godlike cult figure. All Chinese were encouraged to read  Quotations of Chairman Mao (known as Mao's Little Red Book), and Mao's writings were elevated to an infallible philosophical system called "Mao Zedong Thought." Although Mao became widely revered, his Cultural Revolution policies led to cataclysmic death and destruction throughout China (Encarta Reference).

 
Deng XiaoPing- In 1978 Deng Xiaoping took control of China he used limited capitalism to improve China's economy.  However, China remained a communist country.

(CROWELL and POLIN )

POPULATION AND GDP

(China)

CAPITALISM - an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market (m-w.com).  The economic principle of  Supply and demand is the essence of capitalism. 

SUPPLY AND DEMAND  - The Law of Supply and Demand is an economic principle that states that prices are established based on availability of goods + desire of consumers to purchase goods.  Consumer demand "up" + minimal supply = High prices, consumer demand "down" + large supply= low prices

Example today's gas prices.

One child policy- China's policy of limiting each family to one child to help control population.  If the policy is followed, the family receives free medical care & cash bonuses.

(Zink)

Tiananmen Square - Tiananmen Square was a peaceful demonstration led by college students in 1989. The demonstrators were fired upon when they refused to disperse. In response to the killings western nations reduced trade with China.

TIBET - In 1950 China overran Tibet and has occupied it since.  Tibet's exiled leader, the Dalai  Lama won the 1989 Nobel peace prize for his nonviolent efforts to free Tibet. recently the Chinese government has been relocating ethnic Chinese into Tibet to eradicate the Tibetans and their way of life.

(Students for a Free Tibet)

(Wong)

 Dalai Lama - spirtual and political leader of tibet.  the dalai lama was forced out of tibet in the early 1950's by the communist chinese and lives in exile in india.  he was recently awarded the nobel peace prize for urging Tibetans to protest Chinese occupation with nonviolent methods.

(FRONTLINE LINK)

                         (Kalden)

 Taiwan - Taiwan is an island off the coast of China. Chiang Kai-shek formed a republic there in 1949. China considers Taiwan part of Mainland China and has recently has demanded that Taiwan to go to the negotiating tables to discuss reunification.

  (cnn.com)

 Hong Kong- Hong Kong is a city on the southern coast of China. Leased to Great Britain in 1898 for 99 years. After a series of wars Hong Kong has become an important trading city and was returned to China on July 1, 1997. As a colony, Hong Kong enjoyed economic and political freedom.  With the advent of reunification with mainland China, Hong Kong's economic freedom still exist, but political freedom  no longer exists.

(Whaleshark.org)

Trade Deficit - A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more than it exports. Currently the United States has a 30 billion-dollar trade deficit with China.

 (China's Economy)

Constructive engagement- Constructive Engagement is the official US policy toward China  that states the most effective way to deal with China is through trade.

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